AI leadership: India is making significant strides, backed by its vibrant startup ecosystem, to emerge as a key player in the global AI research. The United States and China are the undisputed leaders in AI R&D, with substantial resources and a thriving tech ecosystem. However, India’s potential is undeniable, fuelled by government initiatives, a large talent pool, and a growing number of startups. The country is at the forefront of artificial intelligence deployment, with even small farmers leveraging technology to revolutionise agriculture practices.
At the grassroots level, India’s application of artificial intelligence is evident, as seen in the AI Sowing App, which advises more than 3,000 farmers in Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh on optimal sowing dates. Additionally, the app provides vital information on soil-test-based fertiliser application, essential for enhancing crop yield and promoting sustainable farming practices.
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In 2020, the World Economic Forum’s India Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution, in collaboration with the Union Ministry of Agriculture and the state of Telangana, launched the AI4AI initiative (AI for Agriculture Innovation). Aimed at aiding smallholder farmers, this initiative leverages AI, drones, and blockchain technologies. Known locally as Saagu Baagu, it has transformed chilli farming in Khammam district through advisory services, soil testing, AI-based quality testing, and a digital marketplace for buyers and sellers.
The initiative reportedly doubled the average income of farmers to $800 per acre in a six-month crop cycle. Indian agricultural technology serves as a model for addressing modern challenges such as food security, climate change mitigation, and livelihood protection through artificial intelligence. The government has been promoting digital adoption and innovation, from governance improvements to legislation updates aligning with the sector’s future demands. Efforts to foster innovation and attract global investment include the National Quantum Mission, India AI Mission, and India Semiconductor Mission.
The announcement of the National Research Foundation, with a Rs 1 trillion fund for research and innovation, targets future needs in emerging sectors. The government’s ‘Make AI in India’ and ‘Make AI Work for India’ vision aims to establish AI centers of excellence in leading educational institutions to develop scalable solutions in agriculture, health, and sustainable cities.
The announcement of the National Research Foundation, with a Rs 1 trillion fund for research and innovation, targets future needs in emerging sectors. The government’s ‘Make AI in India’ and ‘Make AI Work for India’ vision aims to establish artificial intelligence centers of excellence in leading educational institutions to develop scalable solutions in agriculture, health, and sustainable cities.
Despite its potential, India occupies a middle ground in the global artificial intelligence landscape. While the US and China are the undisputed leaders, India is well-positioned to challenge for the top spot in the coming years. This is due to a combination of factors, including a large and growing talent pool, a supportive government framework, and a flourishing startup ecosystem. However, to solidify its position, India must address challenges like attracting greater foreign investment and ensuring a robust artificial intelligence talent pipeline.
India’s AI leadership
The role of education and skill development is crucial in sustaining India’s artificial intelligence growth trajectory. There is a growing emphasis on integrating artificial intelligence and machine learning curricula in schools and universities to prepare the next generation of artificial intelligence professionals. Additionally, upskilling and reskilling programmes are being implemented to ensure the current workforce can adapt to the evolving AI landscape. These educational initiatives are essential for cultivating a talent pool that is well-equipped to drive innovation and support India’s ambition in becoming a global AI hub.
Beyond agriculture, India is applying artificial intelligence in healthcare to improve accessibility, affordability, and quality. Ranking highly among BRICS nations for AI deployment, India is expanding healthcare services access, particularly in underserved areas, while enhancing diagnostic capabilities and reducing costs.
India’s ambition for AI leadership is not just about technological advancement, but also about ensuring ethical artificial intelligence practices and robust data privacy. The country is progressively focusing on creating a framework that prioritises ethical considerations in AI development and deployment. This involves addressing issues like algorithmic bias, ensuring transparency in artificial intelligence operations, and safeguarding individual privacy. Establishing strong data protection laws is pivotal for building trust and facilitating a secure digital environment, which is essential for the sustainable growth of AI technologies.
In manufacturing, India is utilising artificial intelligence for predictive maintenance and quality control, aligning with the national drive to boost domestic manufacturing. India’s vast human capital is a significant asset, driving AI research and applications and contributing to a robust research foundation evident in its high scientific publication rates in artificial intelligence.
Despite being a major player, India faces competition, notably from Saudi Arabia, which is investing heavily in AI. To maintain its competitive edge, India must stay abreast of global AI developments. With ambitions to become the world’s third-largest economy, India recognises AI’s pivotal role in achieving this goal. Accenture’s research predicts a significant boost to India’s economy from AI, corroborated by Nasscom’s projection of AI’s substantial contribution to India’s GDP by 2025.
For India to fully realise its AI potential, industry participation is crucial. Startups and stakeholders should engage with educational institutions, sharing knowledge and fostering a culture of innovation, ensuring that India harnesses artificial intelligence’s full potential to fuel its economic aspirations.